there is a relationship between fertilizers and there is also a contradiction between fertilizers and fertilizers. for example, the excess available phosphorus combined with the available zinc in the soil to form insoluble zinc phosphate precipitation, resulting in the lack of available zinc in the soil. moreover, excess available phosphorus can also inhibit nitrogen uptake by crops, resulting in nitrogen deficiency. for example, if more potassium fertilizer is applied, the excess potassium will reduce the uptake of nitrogen, magnesium, calcium, boron and zinc by crops, resulting in the lack of these nutrients in crops.
even organic fertilizer should not be applied too much. if applied too much, there will be a contradiction between microorganisms and crops in the soil between "competing for nitrogen" and "competing for nitrogen", resulting in temporary nitrogen shortage in the soil for a period of time, and the excess organic matter will form a complex or chelate with zinc, which will reduce the effectiveness of zinc.
the method of preventing "phase gramme" between fertilizers
1. balance fertilization as far as possible
partial or multiple application of simple fertilizers to crops not only wastes fertilizers, increases production costs, but also easily leads to the lack of some other nutrients. when applying fertilizer, according to the different structure of crop fertilizer requirement and the fertilizer supply ability of soil, we should balance the amount of nutrients with the amount of income, so that we can be at peace.
2. according to the proportion of different crops'demand for various nutrients, we should increase with increase and decrease with decrease.
compared with simple fertilizer, the proportion of nutrient elements in compound fertilizer or compound fertilizer is more appropriate and coordinated. therefore, compound fertilizer should be the main fertilizer, supplemented by simple fertilizer. for crops with high potassium requirement such as vegetables harvested with tubers and roots, the addition of potassium sulfate fertilizer can be made on the basis of applying sulfur-based compound fertilizer.
3. staggered application period or site
if zinc fertilizer and phosphorus fertilizer are mixed, it will inevitably produce "xiangke". therefore, phosphate fertilizer should be used as base fertilizer or base fertilizer, and zinc fertilizer should be used as topdressing fertilizer. nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other large element fertilizers should mainly be topdressed in rhizosphere, and micro-fertilizer should be sprayed on leaf surface.
4. reduce the contact range
nitrogen and potassium fertilizers can be sprayed; phosphorus fertilizers can be concentrated fertilization; micronutrients can be mixed seeds, soaked seeds, dipped in roots and other methods, so that trace elements are confined to a smaller range of roots, as far as possible not to contact with a large number of elements.
fertilizer contains a variety of elements, different crops, different soils, different periods of the required elements and dosage are different, but how are these elements related to each other? which elements will antagonize?
elements react with each other.
nitrogen (n): nitrate nitrogen is more difficult to absorb than ammonia nitrogen; excessive application of potassium and phosphorus affects nitrogen absorption; boron deficiency is not conducive to nitrogen absorption.
phosphorus (p): increasing zinc can reduce the absorption of phosphorus; more nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of phosphorus; iron can also antagonize the absorption of phosphorus; increasing lime can make phosphorus non-available; magnesium can promote the absorption of phosphorus.
potassium (k): increasing boron promotes the absorption of potassium, zinc reduces the absorption of potassium; more nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of potassium; calcium and magnesium have an antagonistic effect on the absorption of potassium.
calcium (ca): potassium affects the absorption of calcium and reduces the level of calcium nutrition; magnesium affects the transport of calcium, magnesium and boron have antagonistic effects with calcium; ammonium salt can reduce the absorption of calcium, reduce the transfer of calcium to fruits; application of sodium and sulfur can also reduce the absorption of calcium; increase the absorption of aluminum, manganese and nitrogen in soil, will also reduce the absorption of calcium.
magnesium (mg): potassium mostly affects the absorption of magnesium. a large amount of sodium and phosphorus is not conducive to the absorption of magnesium. polynitrogen can cause magnesium deficiency. magnesium and calcium, potassium, ammonium and hydrogen have antagonistic effects. adding sulfate can cause magnesium deficiency. magnesium can eliminate the toxicity of calcium. magnesium deficiency is easy to induce zinc and manganese deficiency. magnesium and zinc can promote each other.
iron (fe): polyboron affects iron uptake and decreases iron content in plants. nitrate nitrogen affects iron uptake. vanadium and iron have antagonistic effects. there are more elements causing iron deficiency. their order is ni > cu > co > cr > zn > mo > mn (nickel > copper > cobalt > chromium > zinc > molybdenum > manganese). potassium deficiency can lead to iron deficiency; large amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and calcium can lead to iron deficiency.
boron (b): the oxides of iron and aluminium can cause boron deficiency; the hydroxides of aluminium, magnesium, calcium, potassium and sodium can cause boron deficiency; the long-term lack of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron can lead to boron deficiency; the increase of potassium can aggravate boron deficiency, and the lack of potassium can lead to a small amount of boron poisoning; the increase of nitrogen, the increase of boron demand, will lead to boron deficiency. manganese is not good for boron uptake. plants need appropriate ca/b and k/b ratios (e.g. ca/b of healthy grape plants is 1234 mg equivalent, k/b is 1142 mg equivalent). and appropriate ca/mg ratio. boron can control the ratio of ca/mg to ca/k. several elements that can form complexes, such as strontium, aluminium and germanium, can temporarily improve boron deficiency.
manganese (mn): calcium, zinc and iron hinder the absorption of manganese. iron hydroxides can make manganese precipitate. manganese was immobilized by applying physiological alkaline fertilizer. vanadium can alleviate the toxicity of manganese. sulfur and chlorine can increase the release and availability of manganese, which is conducive to the absorption of manganese, while copper is not conducive to the absorption of manganese.
molybdenum (mo): nitrate nitrogen is beneficial to the absorption of molybdenum, ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum, and sulfate is not conducive to the absorption of molybdenum. a large amount of calcium, aluminium, lead and iron, copper and manganese all hinder the absorption of molybdenum. in the state of phosphorus and sulphur deficiency, molybdenum must be deficient. increasing the absorption of phosphorus to molybdenum is advantageous, but increasing sulphur is disadvantageous. more phosphorus needs more molybdenum, so too much phosphorus sometimes leads to the lack of molybdenum.
zinc (zn): the formation of zinc hydroxides, carbonates and phosphates into non-supplying states. plants require an appropriate p/zn ratio (generally 100-120, more than 250 zinc deficiency). phosphorus excess will lead to zinc deficiency, zinc requirement will be more when nitrogen is more, and sometimes lead to zinc deficiency, nitrate nitrogen is conducive to zinc absorption, ammonia nitrogen is not conducive to zinc absorption. increasing potassium and calcium is not conducive to zinc absorption. manganese, copper and molybdenum are disadvantageous to zinc absorption. magnesium and zinc can be absorbed mutually. zinc deficiency can lead to less potassium in roots. the clay with low si/mg (si/mg) ratio in soil is deficient in zinc, which can inhibit the absorption of iron.
copper (cu): the application of physiological acid nitrogen or potassium fertilizer can improve the activity of copper and facilitate its absorption. phosphates, carbonates and hydroxides that produce copper hinder absorption, so soils rich in carbonate, phosphoric acid and calcium are not conducive to copper absorption. copper is also antagonistic to al, fe, zn and mn. nitrogen is not conducive to copper absorption.
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